Estonia's Bronze Night: One Year Later

April 26 marks the first anniversary of riots in the Estonian capital, Tallinn, when rampaging youths smashed windows and looted stores for two nights in succession.

The rioters, most of whom were ethnic Russians, were responding to the government's decision to relocate a Soviet-era World War II memorial, known as the Bronze Soldier, and the graves of Soviet soldiers from the city centre to a military cemetery.

After the riots, Russian hackers launched ferocious attacks on the internet servers of the Estonian government, banks, and Estonian- language mass media. The Estonian authorities said at the time that some of the attacks originated from Russian government computers.

The cyber attacks following the Bronze Night pushed defence against cyber-attacks and the small nation of Estonia up the international ladder, with NATO leaders discussing cyber-defence on an alliance level for the first time at a summit in Bucharest earlier this month.

The Bronze Night events also highlighted both Russia's role in its attempt to exert influence and pressure on Estonia, a country which was once a part of the Soviet Union, and the complexities of the relationship between the EU and Russia.

Highlighting the changing relationship between the EU and Russia, the debate on cyber warfare and Estonia's attempts to consolidate its divided society, the dpa International Service in English offers a special package on the anniversary of the riots, which will run on the wire shortly, with the following reports:

Tallinn - PREVIEW: What has changed one year since Tallinn's mess? By Aleks Tapinsh (610 words/Estonia-Demos/Russia)

- FEATURE: Estonia on guard for more cyber attacks. By Aleks Tapinsh (500 words/Estonia-Demos/Russia)

- FEATURE: Estonians and Estonia's Russians - still two worlds apart. By Aleks Tapinsh (650 words/Estonia-Demos/Russia)

- ANALYSIS: Estonia draws painful lessons from Bronze Night. By Aleks Tapinsh (650 words/Estonia-Demos/Russia)

Brussels/ - FEATURE: Face to face with Tallinn's fury. Tallinn By Ben Nimmo (750 words/Estonia-Demos/Russia) (dpa)

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