Stockholm - Two Japanese researchers and an American were Thursday named winners of the 2009 Crafoord Prize for the discovery of two signal substances in the immune system that are linked to autoimmune diseases, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.
Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Toshio Hirano and Charles Dinarello were cited for "for their pioneering work to isolate interleukins, determine their properties and explore their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases."
The three jointly share the prize, worth 500,000 dollars.
During the 1970s and 1980s they isolated two signal substances - interleukins - in the immune system known as IL-1 and IL-6. The substances are released from white blood cells.